The Cambodia-Thailand border conflict, particularly over the Preah Vihear Temple, remains one of Southeast Asia’s most contentious territorial disputes. This article explores the history of the Cambodia-Thailand war, key battles, diplomatic struggles, and how the two nations finally moved toward peace and resolution.
The origins of the Cambodia vs. Thailand war trace back to colonial-era border demarcations. In 1904, Siam (Thailand) and French Indochina (Cambodia) agreed to set their border along the watershed line. The 1907 map, drawn by French surveyors, placed Preah Vihear Temple under Cambodian control.
* 1941 Franco-Thai War: Thailand briefly reclaimed western Cambodia during WWII but returned it under international pressure.
* 1953 Cambodian Independence: After gaining independence, Cambodia sought to solidify its borders, leading to disputes with Thailand.
In 1959, Cambodia took the case to the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The 1962 ICJ verdict ruled in Cambodia’s favor, stating:
* Thailand had accepted the 1907 map for decades without protest.
* Preah Vihear belonged to Cambodia, but surrounding areas remained disputed.
* Thailand reluctantly complied but continued to challenge the temple’s vicinity.
Tensions reignited in 2008 when Cambodia successfully listed Preah Vihear as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Thailand protested, claiming overlapping territory.
Key Events of the Cambodia-Thailand War:
* 2008 Skirmishes: Thai and Cambodian troops exchanged fire near the temple, resulting in casualties on both sides.
* 2011 Heavy Fighting: Artillery duels erupted near Preah Vihear and Ta Moan temple, displacing thousands.
* ASEAN Mediation: The regional bloc attempted peace talks, but nationalist sentiments in both countries stalled progress.
In 2011, Cambodia requested the ICJ to reinterpret its 1962 ruling. The court:
* Reaffirmed Cambodia’s sovereignty over Preah Vihear.
* Ordered troop withdrawal and a demilitarized zone.
* Urged bilateral talks to resolve remaining disputes.
How the Conflict Was Resolved:
By 2013, both nations began de-escalating:
* Joint border patrols were established.
* Economic cooperation increased, reducing tensions.
* Tourism to Preah Vihear grew, benefiting both countries.
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